What is (open source)?
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| What is open source? (open source), Open source, attribute, feature, launched program, programming language, operating system, owner, inventor, provides, basic codes, the original source, and their algorithms, reprogramming, modification, redistribution, sharing according to each user's, requirements. |
If you are using the Internet, and you are familiar with even the small world of software, there is a high probability that you have heard of the term open source or open-source, and of course, ask what is the meaning of the word open source? Why are there some programs, software languages, or operating systems that are called open to others?
What is open source?
Open source is an attribute or feature that is launched on a program, programming language, or operating system, whose owner or inventor provides the basic codes, the original source, and their algorithms, for reprogramming, modification, redistribution and sharing according to each user's requirements.
Open-source software or languages open the way for users to participate in the improvement and revision of codes, and to solve problems related to them, and also open the way for users to modify and adapt according to the nature of the use of each user.
Open-source software programs or languages get faster development and multiple ideas for improvement because by opening the source, the inventor allows others to check if the program is free of spyware, viruses, vulnerabilities, or the like.
The open-source software also allows other programmers to make changes to the original code, so new programs are output from the original code, so we don't have to reinvent new programs from scratch.
What are the ten conditions for an open-source program?
The internationally recognized Open Source definition provides ten key criteria. These 10 criteria must apply to any software or programming language license to be named Open Source Software.
The software licensed under the Open Source License must be accredited and compliant with the Open Source Initiative for the Promotion and Protection of Open Source Initiative (OSI).
These are the ten conditions for granting an open source software license:
1- Free Redistribution
Any party can sell or distribute the open-source software, and any person or organization can sell the software as part of another software package, and no fee is required for this sale.
2- Source Code
The program or programming language must include the source code, and the source code must be publicly available. In cases where the software is not distributed with the source code, there should be a well-known method of obtaining the source code, and the cost of copying should be at a reasonable price, preferably downloaded online free of charge.
3- Derived Works
Modifications and derivative works of source code are permitted to produce new sub-programs and must be distributed under the same terms as the original software license.
4- Integrity of the Author’s Source Code
Distribution of source code may be restricted in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of Patch Files with source code, for the purpose of modifying the program during reprogramming. The license must explicitly allow the distribution of embedded software from the modified source code, and the license may require derivative works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.
5. No Discrimination Against Specific Persons or Groups
The license shall not discriminate against any person or group of persons. Anyone who decides to obtain, modify, share and disseminate the license shall be the same, be it one person or group of persons.
6. No Discrimination Against Specific Fields No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
The license should not restrict anyone from accessing the software or programming language in a particular area, but it is available in all areas without discrimination.
7. Distribution of License
The license rights attached to the software or programming language must apply to all persons to whom the software is redistributed, without the need for additional license implementation by these parties.
8. The license must not be specific to a Product
The rights associated with the software should not depend on whether the software or the programming language is part of the distribution of another software. In the event that the software is extracted from and used by this software, or distributed within the terms of the software license associated with it.
All parties redistributed to the software must have the same rights, such as those granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.
9. The license must not restrict other software
The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed with the licensed software. For example, the license should not insist that all other software distributed on the same media be open source software.
10. The license must be Technology-Neutral
No license terms may be based on any individual technology or use of a particular User Interface. Under any circumstances, the license must operate normally.
What is the difference between open source and closed source software?
In this section, we will explain the difference between open source and closed source programs.
closed-source software
In closed-source software, only the original authors of the proprietary software can legally copy, examine, and change the software. In order to use the proprietary software, the user must agree to accept the license terms when using the software the first time. The program uses it explicitly.
The most popular closed source and monopolistic programs include:
IOS
It is the operating system for Apple's smartphones and tablets. No person or developer can legally modify the system's basic codes. If the code is modified, Apple considers this illegal, and the modified operating system comes out illegally under Apple's umbrella, and the company itself is not responsible for it.
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office Software Package.
Adobe Photoshop
Creation and modification of graphics and digital photography is produced by Adobe.
Open Source
In Open Source, the source code is completely different, so its authors make the Source Code available to others who want to view, copy, learn, change, or share this code.
The most popular open source software and systems include:
Android
The world's most popular smartphone operating system, used by most smartphone manufacturers, Android is developed by the Open Handset Alliance, run by Google.
It is a consortium of eighty-four telecommunications companies, telephone component manufacturers and software developers, who are committed to developing open standards for mobile devices such as:
HTC, Dell, Motorola, INTEL, NVIDIA, Vodafone, Samsung, Huawei, Toshiba.
LibreOffice
LibreOffice provides six programs to meet all office needs from document editing, data processing, presentations, drawing, database building, and other simple and complex office uses. , Produced by many nonprofit shareholders and developers called The Document Foundation.
WordPress
WordPress is an open-source content management system that can be installed on web hosting, from which you can create an integrated website. Anyone can download basic WordPress files and modify them according to their own site requirements.
Are open source software important only to computer programmers?
Certainly, open-source technology and open source thinking both benefit programmers and non-programmers, and since early inventors built a large part of the Internet on open source technologies, such as Linux and the Apache webserver application, anyone who uses the Internet today benefits from open-source software.
In fact, every time computer users view web pages, check email, chat with friends, stream music online, or play multiplayer video games, their computers or mobile phones connect to a global network of devices. Computer, that uses open source software to route and transfers data to their local machines.
Computers that do all of this important work are usually located in remote locations that users don't actually see, or can't actually access, which is why some people call these computers Remote Computers.
People are increasingly relying on remote computers to perform tasks they might do on their local machines. For example, they may use online word processing, email management, and image editing software that they don't install and run on their personal computers, They simply access these programs on remote computers using a web browser or mobile app, and when they do, they participate in "remote computing."
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One of the most important forms of open source software is cloud computing or remote computing because it includes activities such as file storage, image sharing, or video viewing, which are not only included in local devices but also a global network of remote computers.
Cloud Computing is an increasingly important aspect of everyday life with Internet-connected devices, and some cloud computing applications, such as Google Drive, are privately owned by open-source users, allowing files to be shared, copied and downloaded by anyone else.
Why do people prefer to use open source software?
People prefer open source software over proprietary software for a number of reasons, including:
Control
Many people prefer open-source software, because they have more control over this type of software, and they can check the code to make sure they don't do anything they don't want to do, they can change parts of it they don't want, or use these programs for any purpose they want not Only in a predefined manner.
Training Training
Many people like open-source programs, because they help them become better programmers, because open source code is available to everyone, and students can easily study it while learning to create better programs, and students can also share their work with others.
Security
Some people prefer open source software because they consider it safer and more stable than proprietary software because anyone can view and modify open source software, and may discover an error that the original authors might miss, and work to correct or delete it.
Because many programmers can work on part of an open source program without asking permission from the original authors, they can fix, update and upgrade open source software more quickly than they can use proprietary software.
Stability
Many users prefer open source software over proprietary software for important long-term projects, as they make sure that their tools will not disappear or falter if the developers of the original content stop working on them. If using open source software this ensures a long-term future for them.
What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up construction?
Top-Down Build
When Apple introduces the new version of the iOS operating system, the company's team is solely responsible for developing and upgrading the operating system and providing all its maintenance services. This means we will get a product from Apple and any details related to it require our return to Apple itself.
If we represent this in the form of a pyramid, Apple itself will be at the top of the pyramid and users at the bottom of the pyramid, meaning that all products exported from Apple will take one way, which is the way from the top of the pyramid to the bottom of any Apple to the user, Any person or other developers outside the company may contribute to the development of the product itself.
This type of relationship is one-sided, which is known as top-down-build.
Down – Top Build
Imagine that Google is launching a new version of the Android smartphone operating system, it is not only launching the operating system for smartphone manufacturers to buy it, but also put it for developers around the world to view, develop and improve, and this means a new style Of communication and a new mode of exchange of experiences, where there is an ongoing exchange of information and experiences between the company, users and manufacturers of smartphones.
In this way, a user can also launch a new version of Android phones, and maybe better than Google itself, which means that the process of obtaining a new product is not done on one side but is shared by many people.
Here is the process of construction is done from the bottom of the pyramid, ie from the user base, and up to the top of the pyramid, which is the exporter of the system, and this is called construction from the bottom to the top Down To Top Build.
The bottom-up build strategy is fully applicable to Linux. Since Linux was launched in 1991 and its source code is open to everyone, Linux has become one of the most successful operating systems ever. New versions of it are made through developer groups around the world and continuously.
If a problem or vulnerability is found in a version, anyone around the world can try to modify and improve it, which has made Linux one of the strongest systems against viruses and hacking attacks, which also made it one of the most preferred systems in the field of network servers, and this This has also made it the most popular operating system in the world in the field of supercomputers or supercomputers, where 95% of the supercomputers around the world rely on Linux operating system.
Ethical tendency to build an open-source technological world
The strategy of working with open source programming and programming languages is no longer just an important development in the course of modern technological development, but for many people, it has become a different business philosophy and a holistic thought. The idea of open source is based on the concept of Sharing, that is, to make all the details available to anyone around the world. Completely free.
The concept of Information Sharing has many positive effects for technical work in general, including:
Breaking the monopoly case carried out by large technology companies.
Open the door for developers and creators around the world to better demonstrate their abilities.
Making the concept of property rights more flexible, thereby facilitating the transfer and exchange of information.
Based on these concepts, there is what is known as the Open Source Movement, which believes in the noble objectives of cooperative, participatory and free exchange of information around the world, without any monopoly or restriction of the transfer of information through property rights.
These wonderful concepts have become valuable values for most developers working in the field of open source, and these concepts have become the spirit of work and philosophy of millions of developers around the world, which led to the emergence of a wonderful moral and philosophical concept with very impressive effects, the concept of "Bottom-up construction" -Build ”.
You, my friend, share your thoughts on software and open source programming languages, and how they may contribute to shaping a more sophisticated new world, and modern technology that is freely available to all.
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